LAURA C. GREEN, Ph.D., D.A.B.T.
EDUCATION:
1981. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ph.D. from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science (currently the Department of Biological Engineering). Ph.D. thesis, “Nitrite and Nitrate: Toxicity, Metabolism, and Biosynthesis.” Discovered that nitrate is biosynthesized in vivo in humans and in rats by a mammalian process. Investigated the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of nitrate and nitrite. Designed and built a novel automated system for the analysis of nitrate and nitrite in biological and environmental samples.
1975. B.A. with honors in Chemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. Also studied Biology, Physics, Philosophy, and Literature. Honors included: Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, American Institute of Chemists Student Award, and Wellesley College Scholar.
BOARD CERTIFICATION:
Certification in general toxicology — Diplomate of the American Board of Toxicology (D.A.B.T.), 1988; recertified 1993, 1998, and 2003.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1986-Present. Lecturer, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1989-Present. Senior Scientist and President, Cambridge Environmental Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1985-1989. Vice President for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Meta Systems Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1983-1986. Research Affiliate and Project Coordinator for a five-year grant from the American Cancer Society for work in biochemical epidemiology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
1983-1985. Research Director of the Scientific Conflict Mapping Project, Harvard University School of Public Health. Developed a new method for making scientific and regulatory decisions about toxic and carcinogenic chemicals in the workplace and environment. Co-authored a book entitled, In Search of Safety: Chemicals and Cancer Risk (Harvard University Press, 1988).
1978-1985. Consultant in toxicology and risk assessment, self-employed.
1981-1983. Postdoctoral Fellow in Environmental Toxicology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research with Professor Gerald Wogan directed toward developing dosimeters for carcinogenic chemicals. Studied the covalent modification of hemoglobin and albumin by carcinogens. Determined that blood protein adduction was quantitative and sensitive, and therefore of use in assessing actual human exposures.
1975-1981. Research Assistant, Teaching Assistant, and Predoctoral Trainee, Department of Nutrition and Food Science (currently the Division of Toxicology), Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Summer, 1974. Research Chemist, Dow Chemical Company, Wayland, Massachusetts. Developed a direct oxidative synthesis method for propylene oxide.
PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Chemical Society
International Dose-Response Society
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Society for Risk Analysis
Society of Toxicology
SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE:
Quantitative methods in risk assessment
● Evaluated, developed, and applied various methods intended to estimate low-dose risks to human health from various exposures. Combined evidence from rodent and human studies; developed and applied probabilistic, Monte Carlo techniques; and developed holistic risk profiles.
Trichloroethylene and related chlorinated hydrocarbons
● Analyzed and critiqued literature on toxicity of trichloroethylene and related compounds. Studied trichloroethylene-induced carcinogenesis and neurotoxicity associated with trichloroethylene and its products of degradation. Provided detailed quantitative commentary to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP) on the toxicology and epidemiology of trichloroethylene.
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls
● Studied the fate, transport, and impacts of emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins (PCDDs) and related compounds. Analyzed and developed various extrapolation models intended to predict low-dose risks to human health. Performed specific quantitative risk assessments for various exposures to PCDDs; focussed on excess risks of cancer and on risks of reproductive toxicity. Assessed risks associated with emissions of PCDDs and associated compounds from incinerators, paper mills, and other sources. Evaluated exposures to and risks from PCBs in a number of settings.
Benzene and related compounds
● Developed and applied expertise in benzene-induced leukemia. Performed qualitative and quantitative assessments of risk associated with various routes and levels of exposure. Evaluated risks of acute myelogenous leukemia and other hematopoietic disorders from known and suspected causes, including various chemicals, drugs, and radiation.
● Assessed hazards associated with exposures to benzene, toluene, and xylenes emanating from leaking underground storage tanks and above-ground spills of gasoline.
Mercury
● Performed an in-depth study on sources of mercury in municipal solid waste. Assessed toxicity to mercury given current environmental exposures and under extreme scenarios. Studied mechanisms of bioaccumulation of mercury in fish.
Municipal solid waste: environmental aspects of waste-to-energy and of landfills
● Performed or participated in many in-depth assessments of risk associated with management of municipal solid waste. Developed and applied expertise on risks associated with airborne emissions from waste-to-energy plants and from solid waste landfills. Applied technical knowledge to criticism of various proposed regulations concerning landfills, waste-to-energy plants, and various Superfund sites.
Hazardous waste: environmental aspects of incineration and of land disposal
● Performed and peer-reviewed in-depth assessments of risks associated with incineration of hazardous waste. Helped to develop regulatory approaches to modeling the fate and transport of contaminants released during incineration. Evaluated impacts to public health and the environment from land disposal of various types of hazardous wastes.
Food microbiology and food toxicology
● Evaluated matters involving salmonellosis from ingestion of poultry, alleged salmonellosis from ingestion of eggs, illnesses arising from E. coli in contaminated apple cider, and related incidents.
● Served as consultant to National Academy of Sciences, Committee for a Study of Saccharin and Food Safety Policy. Developed relative risk assessment for the food additive uses of nitrite in cured meats; quantified and balanced risks of botulism (were nitrite absent from the food product) against risks of cancer (from N-nitroso compounds formed during cooking in the presence of nitrite).
Miscellaneous risk assessment and risk communication
● Participated in scores of public hearings on various matters of environmental health and safety. Presented testimony on general toxicologic matters, as well as on specific aspects of waste water discharges, pesticide applications, and workplace exposures to various chemicals.
SELECTED PRESENTATIONS:
Green, L.C. and Zemba, S.G. (2002). Quantitative health risk assessment: the devil is in the details. Paper presented at the 10th Section Fall Meeting of the American Bar Association, Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources. Portland, Oregon.
Zemba, S.G., Jaffe, D., Green, L.C., and Robinette, M. (1992). Uncertainty in ecological risk assessment: An alternate interpretation of PCB contamination at a superfund site. Presented at the 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, 21-26 June, Paper No. 92-180.29P.
Pilkington, M.B.G., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1992). A visual tool for assigning site-related soil contaminants at a superfund site. Presented at the 85th Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, 21-26 June, Paper No. 92-180.28P.
ORIGINAL REPORTS:
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (2008). A Proposition 65 Safe Harbor evaluation of 1,4-dioxane in Seventh Generation’s “Natural Dish Liquid” products. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Adilman, D., Ames, M.R., Armstrong, S.R., Copley, L.G., Green, L.C., Hartzel, R., Holmén, B., Klens-Caprio, J., Lester, R.R., Roy, S.P., Swift, R., Tyler, M., Zeeb, P. and Zemba, S.G. (2008). An assessment of the environmental and public health impacts of Omya’s operations in Florence, Vermont: Integrated report. Cambridge Environmental Inc. and Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (2007). Comment on “Persistent organic pollutants in 9/11 world trade center rescue workers: reduction following detoxification” by James Dahlgren, Marie Cecchini, Harpreet Takhar, and Olaf Paepke [Chemosphere 69/8 (2007) 1320-1325]. Chemosphere 69(8):1330-2.
Lester, R.R., Green, L.C., and Linkov, I. (2007). Site-specific applications of probabilistic health risk assessment: review of the literature since 2000. Risk Analysis 27(3):635-658.
Ames, M.R., Zemba, S.G., Shifrin, A., Lester, R.R., and Green, L.C. (2007). Risk Assessment for the evaluation of multi-pathway and ecological impacts of emissions from the Harrisburg Materials Energy, Recycling and Recovery Facility, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Adilman, D., Ames, M.R., Armstrong, S.R., Copley, L.G., Green, L.C., Klens-Caprio, J., Lester, R.R., Roy, S.P., Shifrin, A., and Zeeb, P. (2007). Final phase I report, Omya Verpol Facility - Florence, Vermont. Cambridge Environmental Inc. and Geosyntec Consultants, Inc.
Ames, M., Zemba, S.G., and Green, L.G. (2005). Results of an emission and air dispersion modeling study and public health evaluation of the Virginia Paving Company Facility, 5601 Courtney Avenue, Alexandria, Virginia. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. (2005). Suggestions for authors of the September 2004 Draft ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Hydrogen Sulfide. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Crouch E.A.C. (2005). Estimating cancer risks from toxic air contaminants. EM(June):23-27.
Zemba, S.G., Ames, M.R., and Green, L.C. (2004). Risk assessment protocol for the evaluation of multi-pathway impacts of emissions from the Maine Energy Recovery Company Facility in Biddeford, Maine. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., Zemba, S.G., Ames, M.R., Satterstrom, K., and Linkov, I. (2004). MATES-II: a review and analysis for the staff of the Federal Highway Administration. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R., Ames, M.R., and Green, L.C. (2004). Is ambient hydrogen sulfide a risk to human health? Paper presented at the Water Environment Foundation and Air & Waste Management Association Odors and Air Emissions Speciality Conference, Bellevue, Washington.
Green, L.C. and Crouch, E.A.C. (2004). Comments for the External Peer Review Panel regarding the Draft Toxicological Review of Naphthalene: In: Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R. and Green, L.C. (2004). Chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents. Clin. Occup. Environ. Med. 4(3):481-496.
Green, L.C. (2003). Comments on the “Health Risk Assessment for the Elm Road Generating Station, by Drs. J. Spengler, J. Levy, and D. MacIntosh.” Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G. and Green, L.C. (2003). Assessment of potential risks to human health and welfare associated with landfill gas emissions from the Martone Sanitary Landfill, Barre, Massachusetts. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Armstrong, S.R. (2003). Particulate matter in ambient air and mortality: toxicologic perspectives. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 38:326-335.
Green, L.C. and Armstrong, S.R. (2003). Comments for the authors of “Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter (PM): Policy Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information. OAQPS Staff Paper — First Draft,” August 2003. Docket ID No. OAR-2001-0017. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. (2003). Comments on “PM10 Particulate Pollution and Health Effects, by Karen Mulloy, DO, MSCH.” Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. (2003). Response to “Letter to the Editor”- Eltjo Buringh and Antoon Opperhuizen. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 37(3):412.
Liaw, J., Armstrong, S., and Green, L. (2002). Initial survey of the toxicity of super absorbent polymers and laundry detergent enzymes. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Zemba, S.G., Ames, M.R., and Green, L.C. (2002). Comments on Proposed Methodology for Particulate Matter Risk Analyses for Selected Urban Areas, by Abt Associates, January 2002. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Ames, M.R. (2002). Comments on the Draft Energy Plan written by the North Carolina Energy Policy Working Group, September 2002. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Armstrong, S.R., and Liaw, J. (2002). Comments on U.S. EPA’s Third External Review Draft Air Quality Criteria Document for Particulate Matter. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Alvarado, M.J., and Zemba, S.G. (2002). Assessment of potential risks to human health and welfare associated with the proposed expansion and development of the Crossroads Landfill in Norridgewock, Maine. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Ames, M.R., and Green, L.C. (2002). Particulate (composition) matter(s). Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., Ames, M.R., and Lash, T.L. (2002). What's wrong with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5)? Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 35:327-337.
Ames, M.R., Zemba, S.G., Yamartino, R.J., Valberg, P.A., and Green, L.C. (2002). Comments on “Using CALPUFF to Evaluate the Impacts of Power Plant Emissions in Illinois: Model Sensitivity and Implications.” Atmospheric Environment 36:2263-2265.
Green, L.C., Ames, M.R., and Crouch, E.A.C. (2001). Comments on “Mortality Risk Reductions and Economic Benefits of Alternative SAMI Air Quality Strategies.” Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L. and Armstrong, S. (2001). A review of the “Yana Curi Report: Impact of Oil Activity on the Health of Rural Populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon” by M. San Sebastian and coworkers published in 2000 by Medicus Mundi. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E., Ames, M., and Green, L.C. (2001). A quantitative health risk assessment for the Kalamazoo River PCB site. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Alvarado, M.J., Zemba, S.G., and Green, L.C. (2001). Risk characterization for the New Cut Landfill and surrounding areas. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Lash, T.L., Green, L.C., and Tannenbaum, S.T. (2000). Comments on the National Toxicology Program’s Draft Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Trichloroethylene. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Valberg, P., Crouch, E., Green, L., and Zemba, S. (2000). Review of the Health Impacts Projected in the Levy et al. Report: “Estimated public health impacts of criteria pollutant air emissions from the Salem Harbor and Brayton Point power plants”, August 3, 2000. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Cole, P., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1999). Lifestyle determinants of cancer among Danish mastic asphalt workers. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 30:1-8.
Armstrong, S.R., Rauw, B.J., and Green, L.C. (1999). Health hazard evaluation of nickel emissions from Dept. 4 and Dept. 13. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1999). Re: renal cell cancer correlated with occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Letter to the Editor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 125:430-432.
Bartlett, K.L., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1999). Health risk assessment for Davenport Commons Development, Boston, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Bartlett, K.L., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1999). Health risk assessment for Shawmut Estates, Boston, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Bartlett, K.L., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1998). Health risk assessment for Phase III Orchard Park Development, Boston, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. (1998). Comments on the Housatonic River PCB site and threats to human health. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zappia, A.M., Lester, R.R., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1997). Human health risk assessment for BASF Corporation, Third Street, Clifton, NJ. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Armstrong, S.R., and Mennear, J.H. (1997). Comments on the NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pyridine in Rats and Mice. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Crouch, E.A.C. (1997). Probabilistic risk assessment: lessons from four case studies. In:Preventive Strategies for Living in a Chemical World. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 837:387-396.
Zemba, S.G., Green, L.C., Bartlett, K.L., Potocki, B., and Zappia, A.M. (1997). Revised scope-of-work for quantitative risk assessment for the Plainville Landfill, Plainville, Massachusetts. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Bartlett, K.L., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1997). Health risk assessment for Phase I Orchard Park Development, Boston, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Bartlett, K.L., Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1997). Health risk assessment for Phase II Orchard Park Development, Boston, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Lester, R.R., Lash, T.L., Armstrong, S.R., and Green, L.C. (1997). Health risk assessments per the risk assessment reforms under consideration in the U.S. Congress. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 8:713–785.
Lash, T.L., Crouch, E.A., and Green, L.C. (1997). A meta-analysis of the relation between cumulative exposure to asbestos and relative risk of lung cancer. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54:254-263.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A., Lester, R.R., Lash, T.L., and Armstrong, S. R. (1997) Letter from America: Can health risk assessment be improved, and should it? European Safety and Reliability Association Newsletter, p. 6-8.
Zemba, S.G., Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., and Lester, R.R. (1996). Quantitative risk assessment of stack emissions from municipal waste combustors. J. of Haz. Materials 47:229-275.
Zemba, S.G., Lester, R.R., Bartlett, K.L., Lash, T.L., and Green, L.C. (1996). A health risk assessment for the Nepera Incinerator, Harriman, New York. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Armstrong, S.R. (1996). Comments on ATSDR’s petitioned public health assessment addendum Tucson International Airport Area. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E., Green, L., Zemba, S., and Lester, R. (1995). Comments to the Science Advisory Board on U.S. EPA’s development of human health based and ecologically based exit criteria for the hazardous waste identification project, review draft, March 3, 1995. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L., Crouch, E., Lester, R., and Zemba, S. (1995). Clean-up levels for the Norwood PCBs Superfund Site - a risk-based approach. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Lester, R.R., Lash, T.L., Armstrong, S.R., and Green, L.C. (1995). Report to the Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management: health risk assessments prepared per the risk assessment reforms under consideration in the U.S. Congress. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C. and Armstrong, S.R. (1995). EPA's dioxin reassessment: still not enough science. Solid Waste Technologies March/April:27-34.
Crouch, E., Green, L., Zemba, S., Armstrong, S., and Gaffey, K. (1995). Some further comments on Development of human health based exit criteria for the hazardous waste identification project phase III analysis. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., Armstrong, S.R., and Lester, R.R. (1995). Comments on Health assessment document for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds: review draft. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., Armstrong, S.R., Lash, T.L., and Lester, R.R. (1995). Comments on Estimating exposure to dioxin-like compounds: review draft. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., and Lester, R.R. (1995). The carcinogenic potency of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and similar compounds: Comments on health assessment document for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (1995). Comments on Estimating exposures to dioxin-like compounds. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (1995). Properly accounting for uncertainty in current methods of risk assessment. In: Lee, S.D. and Schneider, T., ed(s), Comparative Risk Analysis and Priority Setting for Air Pollution Issues. Proceedings of the 4th U.S.-Dutch International Symposium, Keystone, Co. Pittsburgh, PA: Air & Waste Management Association.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., and Lester, R.R. (1995). The carcinogenic potencies of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: letting the data speak for themselves. In Solid Waste Management: Thermal Treatment & Waste-to-Energy Technologies, Proceedings of an International Specialty Conference, p. 251-261.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.G., Zemba, S.G., Luis, S.J., Perkins, K.K., and Lash, T. (1994). Comments on Addendum to the methodology for assessing health risks associated with indirect exposure to combustor emissions. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Perkins, K.K., Armstrong, S.R., Crouch, E.A.C., Lester, R.R., and Green, L.C. (1994). A health risk assessment for the Capital District integrated solid waste management facility. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Perkins, K.K., Lash, T.L., and Green, L.C. (1994). A preliminary health risk assessment for the NEPERA Incinerator, Harriman, NY. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E., Green, L., Zemba, S., Armstrong, S., Perkins, K., and Burmaster, D. (1994). Some initial comments on Development of human health based exit criteria for the hazardous waste identification project phase III analysis. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1994). Comments on claims of health effects and risk assessments in Rights violations in Ecuador: human consequences of oil development in the Oriente. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Lash, T.L., and Green, L.C. (1993). A health risk assessment of the Recycle Energy System (RES) Facility in Akron, OH. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Armstrong, S.R., Crouch, E.A.C., Lash, T.L., Luis, S.J., Perkins, K.K., and Zemba, S.G. (1993). Protocol for a multi-pathway risk assessment for the WTI Facility in East Liverpool, OH. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1993). An integrated approach to meeting risk-based cleanup goals at a lead-contaminated site. Proceedings of the 86th Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste Management Association, Denver, CO, June 13–18.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., Zemba, S.G., Perkins, K.K., and Armstrong, S.R. (1993). Comments on Estimating exposure to dioxin-like compounds: review draft. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Lash, T.L. and Green, L.C. (1993). Blink reflex measurement of effects of trichloroethylene exposure on the trigeminal nerve. Letter to the Editor. Muscle and Nerve, February, pp. 217-219.
Green, L.C., Crouch, E.A.C., Zemba, S.G., and Parsons, A.P. (1992). Estimating exposures to dioxin-like compounds. Letter to Editor. Municipal Solid Waste News 14(11):13-14.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., Jaffe, D., Lash, T.L., Luis, S.J., and Pilkington, M.B.G. (1992). Interim report on an assessment of risks to health potentially associated with exposure to Oil 55 that may leak from a Myers submersible pump in a water well. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Green, L.C., Waldman, R.H., and Golan, D.E. (1992). Comment on the interpretation of lymphocyte phenotyping. Cancer Immunol Immunother 35:218-220.
Zemba, S.G., Pilkington, M.B.G., Crouch, E.A.C., Armstrong, S.R., Jaffe, D.J., Lash, T.L., and Green, L.C. (1992). A health risk assessment of the waste-to-energy plant proposed for Green Island, NY. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G. and Green, L.C. (1992). Perspectives on mercury. Solid Waste and Power 6(3):38-44.
Crouch, E.A.C., Zemba, S.G., Pilkington, M., Jaffe, D., and Green, L.C. (1992). Comments on Hazardous Waste Management System: identification and list of hazardous waste; proposed rule 57 FR 21450. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R., Zemba, S.Z., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.G. (1992). Health evaluation of the Halifax municipal landfill. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1992). Comments on the ATSDR's November 8, 1991 Draft health assessment for the Groton/Gratuity Road site. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
DeVoto, E., Green, L.C., Hirschfield, D.J., Lash, T.L., and Zemba, S.G. (1991). A qualitative assessment of potential health effects associated with airborne emissions from the proposed waste-to-energy facility in Lisbon, CT. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., DeVoto, E., Green, L.C., and Zemba, S.G. (1991). Phase II risk characterization for the USM site, Beverly, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R., Green, L.C., and Zemba, S.G. (1991). Waste-to-energy: Health and environmental issues. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Armstrong, S.R., Crouch, E.A.C., DeVoto, E., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1990). Comments on the ATSDR's draft health assessment guidance manual. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Zemba, S.G., Crouch, E.A.C., DeVoto, E., Green, L.C., and Pilkington, M.B.G. (1990). Phase II risk characterization for Chelsea Tank Farm, Chelsea, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Croy, R.G. and Green. L.C. (1990). Analysis of health hazards from soils containing vanadium. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., DeVoto, E., Green, L.C., and Zemba, S.G. (1990). A health risk assessment of the proposed East Bridgewater integrated waste-disposal system. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Zemba, S.G. (1990). Estimation of health risk from landfill gas emission. Proceedings of the GRCDA 13th Annual International Landfill Gas Symposium, Lincolnshire, IL., p. 87–94.
Crouch, E.A.C., DeVoto, E., Green, L.C., and Kaden, D.A. (1989). Comments on U.S. EPA's proposed national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants — benzene waste operations. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Kaden, D.A., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1989). Addenda to health risk assessment for the W.R. Grace & Co. Property, Cambridge, MA. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Kaden, D.A. (1989). Health risk assessment for proposed waste-to-energy facility, Orange County, FL. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1989). Assessment of health risks due to perchloroethylene contamination of groundwater beneath Shaw's Supermarket property, West Street, Brockton, MA. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Baer, S.N., Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1989). Health risk characterization, 211 Central Street, Norwood, MA. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1989). Response to the NCTR technical report for experiment number 338: Bioassay of Gentian Violet in fischer 344 rats. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1989). Response to the NCTR technical report for experiment number 304: B6C3F1 mouse bioassay of Gentian Violet. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1989). Comments on feasibility studies as proposed in the national contingency plan. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Kaden, D.A., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1989). Addendum to health risk assessment for Boston Gas Property, 100 Commercial Street, Malden, Massachusetts. Cambridge Environmental Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1989). Comments on EPA's proposed revisions to the hazard ranking system. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (1989). A protocol for estimating ambient air concentrations from area sources for site risk assessment. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1989). Response to the NCTR technical report for experiment number 304: B6C3F1 mouse bioassay of Gentian Violet. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1989). Response to the NCTR technical report for experiment number 338: Bioassay of Gentian Violet in fischer 344 rats. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1989). Response to NCTR technical report nos. 305, 354, and 355: Three generation reproduction and toxicity studies of Gentian Violet in fischer 344 rats. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Baer, S.N., Kaden, D.A., and Green, L.C. (1988). Health risk characterization for parcel 3 Cambridge Center. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Baer, S.N., Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1988). Municipal solid waste landfilling: A review of environmental effects. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Charnley, G., Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1988). Comments on the EPA's proposed drinking water regulations, maximum contaminant level goals and national primary drinking water regulations for lead and copper 53 FR 31516. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Conner, M.W., Crouch, E.A.C., Green, L.C., and Lash, T.L. (1988). An assessment of the safety of grade A shell eggs. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C., Lash, T.L., Mainville, C., and Menzie, C. (1988). Preliminary assessment of the environmental quality surrounding the Saugus RESCO landfill. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1988). Comments on the ATSDR toxicological profile for lead. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (1988). Health risk assessment for the W.R. Grace & Company property, Cambridge, MA. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C., Kaden, D.A., Lash, T.L., Tannenbaum, S.R. et al. (1988). Comments on the ATSDR toxicological profile for trichloroethylene. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1987). Response to two teratology studies: 1) teratologic evaluation of Gentian Violet in CD rats, 2) teratologic evaluation of Gentian Violet in New Zealand white rabbits. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Lash, T.L. (1987). Response to two 90 day studies: 1) 90 day study of Gentian Violet in B6C3F1 mice, 2) 90 day study of Gentian Violet in fischer 344 rats. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Baer, S.N., Crouch, E.A.C., and Green, L.C. (1987). A toxicologic analysis of apple-processing and related sludges applied to field corn croplands. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C., Menzie, C., and Green, L.C. (1987). A commentary on the U.S. E.P.A's superfund program: Interim guidance on compliance with applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C., Lash, T.L., and Crouch, E.A.C. (1987). Alternatives for municipal waste disposal. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. and Baer, S.N. (1987). Assessment of the safety of lead in incinerator ash. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Crouch, E.A.C. and Green, L.C. (1987). A reevaluation of the public health risk assessment for the proposed Boston Resource Recovery Facility. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. (1986). A commentary on the ‘draft carcinogen policy' issued by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health on August 26, 1986. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. (1986). Gentian Violet: a review of the scientific evidence. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C., Baer, S.N., Crouch, E.A.C., and Foster, S. (1986). A critique of the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE) ambient air guideline for polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins and furans (PCDDs and PCDFs). Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Green, L.C. (1986). Allergic response to formaldehyde. Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Graham, J.D., Wilcox, M.A., Green, L.C., and Roberts, M.J. (1986). Formaldehyde and cancer risk: an evaluation of governmental risk assessments. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health.
Green, L.C. (1986). Carcinogen-DNA adducts: Significance and detection in human tissues with particular emphasis on nitro-substituted pyrenes, Environmental Health and Toxicology Group, Meta Systems Inc.
Skipper, P.L., G,reen, L.C., Bryant, M.S., and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1984). Monitoring exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl via blood protein adducts. IARC Scientific Publications 59:143–150.
Green, L.C., Skipper, P.L., Turesky, R.J., and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1984). In vivo dosimetry of 4-aminobiphenyl via a cysteine adduct in hemoglobin. Cancer Research 44:4254-4259.
Green, L.C. and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1982). Nitrate and nitrite in food. Nutrition and the M.D. VIII(5):1–6.
Green, L.C., Tannenbaum, S.R., and Fox, J.G. (1982). Nitrate in human and canine milk. New England Journal of Medicine 306:1367–1368.
Green, L.C., Wagner, D.A., Glogowski, J., Skipper, P.L., Wishnok, J.S., and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1982). Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. 126(1):131-8.
Tannenbaum, S.R. and Green, L.C. (1981). Metabolism of nitrate. In Gastrointestinal Cancer: Endogenous Factors, Banbury Report No. 7, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, p. 331–341.
Green, L.C., Ruiz de Luzuriaga, K., Wagner, D.A., Rand, W., Istfan, N., Young, V.R, and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1981). Nitrate biosynthesis in man. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 87:7764-7768.
Green, L.C., Tannenbaum, S.R., and Goldman, P. (1981). Nitrate synthesis in the germfree and conventional rat. Science 212:56–58.
Green, L.C. (1980). Metabolism of nitrate. In Proceedings of the Meat Industry Research Conference. American Meat Institute.Tannenbaum, S.R., Young, V., Green, L. C., and Ruiz de Luzuriaga, K. (1980). Intestinal formation of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds. IARC Sci. Publ. 31:2819.
Mergens, W.J., Vane, F.M., Tannenbaum, S.R., Green, L.C., and Skipper, P.L. (1979). In vitro nitrosation of methapyrilene. Journal of Pharmacological Science 68(7):827-832.
Baldwin, J.E., Scott, A., Branz, S.E., Tannenbaum, S.R, and Green, L.C. (1978). Chemical studies on carcinogenic nitrosamines. I. Hydrolysis of a-acetoxynitrosamines. Journal of Organic Chemistry 43:2427-2431.
Hansen, T.J., Iwaoka, W.T., Green, L.C., and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1977). Analysis of N-nitrosoproline in raw bacon. Further evidence that nitrosoproline is not a major precursor of nitrosopyrrolidine. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry 25(6):1423-1426.
Green, L., Hansen, T.J., Iwaoka, W.T., and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1976). Specific detection systems for the chromatographic analysis of nitrosamines. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Nitrite in Meat Products, Zeist, Pudoc, Wageningen, eds., p. 145-153.
BOOKS AND BOOK CHAPTERS:
Taniguchi, C.M., Armstrong, S.R., Green, L.C., Golan, D.E., Tashjian, A.H., Jr. (2007). Drug toxicity. In: D.E. Golan, A.H. Tashjian, Jr, E.J. Armstrong, and A.W. Armstrong, eds., Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 5.
Armstrong, S.R., Galanter, J.M., Green, L.C., and Tashjian, A.H., Jr. (2007). Poisoning by drugs and environmental toxins. In: D.E. Golan, A.H. Tashjian, Jr., E.J. Armstrong, and A.W. Armstrong, eds., Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 51.
Galanter, J.M., Armstrong, S.R., Green, L.C., and Tashjian, Jr., A.H. (2004). Principles of toxicology. In: D.E Golan, A.J. Tashjian, Jr., E.J. Armstrong, J.M. Galanter, A.W Armstrong, R.A. Arnaout, H.S. Rose, eds., Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 47.
Zemba, S.G. and Green, L.C. (1999). Special topics in risk assessment: models and
uncertainties. In: D.A. Belluck, and S.L. Benjamin, eds., A Practical Guide to Understanding, Managing and Reviewing Risk Assessment Reports. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.
Graham, J.D., Green, L.C., and Roberts, M. (1988). In Search of Safety - Chemicals and Cancer Risk. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., and Green, L.C. (1988). Dietary modifications of lung cancer risk. In: J. Brian, B. Beck, A.J. Warren, and R. Shaikh, eds., Variations in Susceptibility to Inhaled Pollutants: Identification, Mechanisms, and Policy Implications. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Green, L.C., Ralt, D., and Tannenbaum, S.R. (1982). Nitrate, nitrite, and N-nitroso Compounds: biochemistry, metabolism, toxicity and carcinogenicity. In: A. Neuberger and T.H. Jukes, eds., Human Nutrition: Current Issues and Controversies. Lancaster, England: MTP Press Limited, p. 87–140.